The proximate and phytochemical composition of vernonia amygdalina samples x and y taken from donga metropolis and donga non residential areas of taraba state were investigated using standard methods the proximate analysis gave the following results. Chemical composition of vernonia amygdalina collected form different reference. The anticancer activities of vernonia amygdalina extract in. Dec 29, 2016 the antimicrobial activities of bitter leaf makes it useful in the treatment of toothache. Preliminary phytochemical screening of the nhexane. In vivo biochemical assessment of aqueous extracts of vernonia. Corrosion inhibition of stainless steel using plant extract. Evaluation of the phytochemical composition, micronutrient status and antioxidant properties of aloe vera, piper nigrum, telfairia occidentalis, and vernonia amygdalina found in southeastern nigeria 1andrew c. Phytochemical analysis and proximate composition of vernonia. Pdf chemical constituents and nutrient composition of. Proximate and phytochemical composition of vernonia.
The bitter leaf vernonia amygdalina samples were washed with tap water and thoroughly rinsed with distilled water, then dried in an oven at 105 o c. Green manure composed of leaves of vernonia amygdalina and chromolaena odorata and were applied as follows. Impact of green manures of vernonia amygdalina and. Studies on the nutritional composition of vernonia amygdalina found its nutritional content to conform to the results obtained for green leafy vegetables. Bitter leaf greens are used in the form of vegetable eaten to promote and. The corrosion inhibition of stainless steel, coated with vernonia amygdalina bitter leaf and azadirachta indica dogoyaro and immersed in hydrochloric acid solution, tetraoxosulphate iv acid solution, trioxonitrate v acid solution, and exposed to the atmosphere, was investigated in a laboratory scale experiment.
Comparative chemical composition of leaves of some. Vernonia amygdalina is used in traditional herbal medicine. Bitter leaf just like the name implies is a vegetable well known for its bitter taste. Heavy metal content in bitter leaf vernonia amygdalina. Rich decaneurum amygdalinum dc gymnanthemum abyssinicum sch. They were then pulverized to fine powder using a laboratory grinder. Corrosion inhibition of stainless steel using plant. Anthropologists theorized that animals evolved a tendency to seek out bitter plant in response to illness. Vernonia amygdalina bitter leave plant is a medium sized shrub with abundant bitter principles in every part of it. The mineral composition of the processed and unprocessed vernonia amygdalina leaf is shown in table 2. Material and methods a healthy and improved authenticated breed of vernonia amygdalina used for this study was obtained from vegetable garden located near erelu dam of oyo town and authenticated. Vernonia amygdalina bitter leaf is popularly consumed in many homes in nigeria as a vegetable in soup preparation, while the infusion is used in folk medicine in the treatment of malaria fever.
Using spectroscopic techniques, the study had isolated and. Pdf comparative chemical analyses of vernonia amygdalina. Leaf, medium to dark green, with or without sparse hairs above, with fine, soft, pale hairs below and. Phytochemical and pharmacological prope of vernonia. Comparative chemical analyses of vernonia amygdalina and azadirachta indica leaves. Notably, medicinal plant extracts may be a potential source for treatments of breast cancer. It also went further to extract the sample using three different solvents. Phytochemical analysis, analgesic and antipyretic properties. Pdf phytochemical analysis and proximate composition of. Comparative chemical composition of leaves of some antidiabetic medicinal plants. Vernonia amygdalina and its saponins have been reported to elicit antitumoral activities in. Bitter leaf has a grey or brown coloured bark, which has a rough texture and is flaked. Pdf comparative chemical composition of leaves of some. Chemical constituents and nutrient composition of carica.
Bitter leaf plant with leafy green vegetable is also known as vernonia amygdalina. Assessment of the phytochemical constituents and invitro. Vernonia amygdalina va is a woody shrub that can grow up to 5 m tall, belonging to the family of asteraceae. Keywords sokoto, vernonia amygdalina, antibacterial activity, phytochemical analysis. Proximate analysis, mineral content, amino acid composition.
Phytochemical, proximate and nutrient composition of vernonia. Vernonia amygdalina is a valuable medicinal plant that is widespread in west africa, it is known as bitter leaf due to its characteristic bitter taste and flavour, and canbe used as an active anticancer, antibacterial, antimalarial and antiparastic agent. Essential oil composition of vernonia amygdalina del. This research was carried out on the aqueous extracts of bitter leaf vernonia amygdalina to evaluate its phytochemical, proximate and antioxidant composition. Home archives vol 8 no 18 2009 articles comparative chemical composition of leaves of some antidiabetic medicinal plants. Antioxidative and chemopreventive properties of vernonia. Phytochemical constituents and ethnobotany of the leaf. The result revealed that the leaf is generally rich in na, k, ca, mg, zn and fe.
Va is one of the most important tropical representatives of family asteracea. To investigate the potential food, feed and industrial values of some tropical underutilized medicinal plant materials. Chemical composition of vernonia amygdalina collected form. Phytochemical analysis of vernonia amygdalina and ocimum. The young leaves are used as an antihelmintic, antimalarial, laxativepurgative, enema, worm expeller and fertility inducer in subfertile women. Vernonia amygdalinaare green with a char acteristic odour and bitter taste. The amazing health benefits of bitter leaf vernonia amygdalina. Vernonia amygdalina is a widely grown shrub plant in africa consumed as vegetable and has high medicinal value. Antioxidant activities and nutritional compositions of vernonia amygdalina adewole e1, ojo a2, ogunmodede o. Phytochemical analysis of vernonia amygdalina leaves showed that anthracene, glycosides, steroids, flavonoids, proteins, carbohydrates, reducing sugars, saponins and tannins were present 26. Nutritional, therapeutic and toxicological risk assessment. It is mostly used in the preparation of onugbu and egusi soup by. Antibacterial and antioxidant compounds from the flower.
The determination of nutritional and therapeutic element contents makes it possible to know the contribution of phytosanitary products in each type of leaf. Leaf, medium to dark green, with or without sparse hairs above, with fine, soft, pale hairs below and conspicuous redveining. These leaves are exported from several african countries and can be purchased in grocery stores aiming to serve african clients. The composition of alkaloids and tannins in the leaves and stem of vernonia amygdalina bitter leaf plant was determined using gas chromatographic. Gongronema latifolium and vernonia amygdalina were subjected to chemical analysis to determine their proximate, mineral, elemental, fatty acid and amino acid compositions using standard procedures. Aug 14, 2015 health benefits of bitter leaf vernonia amygdalina the leaves are widely used as a remedy for fever and are known as quinine substitute in nigeria. Pdf on jan 10, 2017, okpe oche and others published chemical constituents and nutrient composition of carica papaya and vernonia amygdalina leaf extracts find, read and cite all the research. Preliminary phytochemical screening of the nhexane, ethanol. Effect of cooking treatments on the phytochemical composition.
Adesanyab pages 5558 abstract the essential oil composition of vernonia amygdalina del. The secondary metabolites in the leaf were identified to establish a relationship between them and their therapeutic properties. The corrosion inhibition of stainless steel, coated with vernonia amygdalina bitter leaf and azadirachta indica dogoyaro and immersed in hydrochloric acid solution, tetraoxosulphate iv acid solution, trioxonitrate v acid solution, and exposed to the atmosphere, was investigated in. Vernonia amygdalina va is a woody shrub reported to have not only diverse therapeutic effects but also anticancer properties. Vernonia amygdalina and its saponins have been reported to elicit antitumoral activities in leukemia cells 25. The anticancer activities of vernonia amygdalina extract. Parameter percentage composition % of leaves ocinum gratissimum vernonia amygdalina moringa oleifera sem moisture. Vernonia vogeliana benth vernonia weisseana muschl. Proximate, mineral and phytochemical compositions of vernonia. Phytochemical analysis and proximate composition of vernonia amygdalina. Vernonia amygdalina, a member of the daisy family, is a small shrub that grows in tropical africa. In addition, the earlier studies did not evaluate the mineral composition of the plant. It appears to be the mostused plant in the genus vernonia. Nutritional composition of gongronema latifolium and.
This study therefore considers the properties of leaves of the plant as alternative sources of an antacid and carminative drug. In this study, fresh leaves of vernonia amygdalina were subjected to abrasion to remove the bitter taste as is normally done in soup preparation, subsequently the nutrient, antinutrient. Pdf composition of vernoniaamygdalina and its potential. Vernonia amygdalina plant is used in phytomedicine to treat fever, hiccups, kidney disease and stomach discomfort among others. It has gained wide application in the treatment and management of various diseases. Vernonia amygdalina asteraceae vernonia amygdalina, a member of the asteraceae family, is a small shrub that grows in the tropical africa with petiolate leaf of about 6 mm diameter and elliptic shape. Ethnopharmacological properties of vernonia amygdalina. Proximate, mineral and phytochemical compositions of. Leaves of vernonia amygdalina commonly known as bitter leaf is widely consumed in the subsaharan regions of africa.
The herb known as bitter leaf vernonia amygdalina is a shrub or small tree that can reach 23 feet in height when fully grown. Benefits of bitter leaf vernonia amygdalina nutrifactsblog. Nutritive value and haemolytic properties in vitro of. Vernonia amygdalina has been a known food and medicinal plants used in asia and. The leaves are consumed either as a vegetable or as aqueous extracts used as tonics for the treatment of various illnesses 9. Adsorption and thermodynamics study of the inhibition of. This prompted us to isolate bioactive compounds from the flowers of this plant.
Phytochemicals and micronutrients composition of root and stem bark extracts of vernonia amygdalina del. Vernonia amygdalina has also been fed to broilers, where it was able to replace 300 g kg1 of maizebased diet without affecting feed intake, body weight gain and feed efficiency teguia et al. However, in contrast to the meters described as the height of the tree by some authors 1416, the species found around the department of wildlife and fisheries, university of ibadan. Extracts of the plant have been used in various folk medicines as remedies against helminthic, protozoal and bacterial infections with scientific support for these claims. Content of phytotherapy elements in the leaves of vernonia amygdalina with and without the addition of phytosanitary products. Vernonia is a genus of about species of forbs and shrubs in the family asteraceae. Native to nigeria west africa and widely grown in africa, va is also found in asia, and is especially common in singapore and malaysia. The antioxidant, antiinflammatory and analgesic activities of its acetone leaf extract were evaluated in this study to validate its folkloric use. The bitter leaf vernonia amygdalina, family astaraceae is a medicinal herb commonly known as bitter leaf. Vernonia amygdalina is traditionally used in ethiopia to treat various diseases. It is a perennial plant with height between 1 m and 6 m nwosu et al. The resulting powdered extract was used in running a phytochemical test. Congo, bitter leaf in english because of its bitter taste.
This behaviour arose because bitterness is an indicator of secondary metabolites. Jul 27, 2018 the present study aimed at evaluating the effects of domestic culinary treatment on phytochemical contents phenolic content and dietary fiber, and the antidiabetic potential of vernonia amygdalina in type 2 diabetic rats. The amazing health benefits of bitter leaf vernonia. This plant is indigenous to tropical africa and has enormous medicinal uses and is regarded as a gold mine by many african communities. Breast cancer is currently the leading cause of cancerrelated deaths among women globally. Diabetes control and treatment vernonia amygdalina contains biologicallyactive compounds known as coumarins, flavonoids, anthraquinone, phenolic acids, saponins, sesquiterpenes, xanthones, terpenes, steroids, lignans and edotides. The leaves exhibit a characteristic odor and bitter taste, explaining its common english. Vernonia amygdalina phytochemicals and medicinal plants. P vernonia amygdalina by ify published december 29, 2016 updated february 1, 2018.
Antioxidant properties of aloe vera telfairia occidentalis. Vernonia amygdalina protected against carbon tetrachlorideinduced liver injury by inducing antioxidant and phase 2 enzymes. Chemical constituents and nutrient composition of carica papaya and vernonia amygdalina leaf extracts. Vernonia amygdalina vernonia amygdalina are commonly called bitter leaf in english because of its bitter taste. Journal of complementary and alternative medical research, issn. The present study aimed at evaluating the effects of domestic culinary treatment on phytochemical contents phenolic content and dietary fiber, and the antidiabetic potential of vernonia amygdalina in type 2 diabetic rats.
Vernonia amygdalina del asteraceae is a small shrub with dark green leaves and rough barks growing predominantly in tropical africa but has been domesticated in many parts of west africa igile et al. Composition of vernoniaamygdalina and its potential health benefits. Azadirachta indica, vernonia amygdalina and gongronema latifolium. Bitter leaf greens are used in the form of vegetable eaten to promote and enhance the digestive tract to do its job. The cooked leaves are a staple vegetable in soup and stews of various cultures throughout equatorial africa.
Vernonia amygdalina is a medicinal plant of great importance that has its fresh leaves rich in vitamins and salt hence, it is valuable in human diet. Effect of different processing methods on nutritional. Jun 23, 2011 vernonia amygdalina is a perennial herb belonging to the asteraceae family. Pdf vernonia amygdalina is used to prepare dishes as well as a multipurpose fodder tree with high biomass yield. It is a very popular plant loved by the people from the eastern and western parts of africa. Okpe oche 1, attah rosemary 1, ojowu john 1, edenta chidi 2, samuel m. Pdf antioxidant activities and nutritional compositions of. It is less bitter than the sister plant vernonia amygdalina, and yet both plants are used for the same ethnomedicinal purposes. The antioxidant activity of vernonia amygdalina has been attributed to the presence of flavonoids, as reported by igile et al. Onugbu igbo, efo ewuro yoruba, shakwa shuwaka hausa, etidot cross river state of nigeria botanical name. Comparative study of proximate, mineral and phytochemical. The phytochemical screening and ethno botanical importance of the leaf of vernonia amygdalina del. Comparative chemical analyses of vernonia amygdalina and. Sample collection and identification the leaves of.